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Conscious action through conscious thinking

Bewust handelen door bewust denken, Reflectietools in het leerproces. We moeten reflecteren op ons handelen om er van te kunnen leren. We moeten weten waarom we handelen, ons bewust worden van onze vooronderstellingen, van de gebruikte methode en van de gevolgen van ons handelen. Zonder reflectie is er geen bewust handelen, geen leermoment en geen innovatie mogelijk. Reflectie is een vorm van denken: reflectie is denken over denken, het is na-denken, het is bewust denken. Reflectie is het herinterpreteren van onze ervaring en kennis. We gebruiken reflectie in vormen van ervaringsleren waar ervaringen in de praktijk gekoppeld worden aan de theorie, zoals projectwerk en stages. Het reflectieproces heeft de vorm van een cirkel: we beschrijven ons handelen, evalueren dit, bedenken alternatieven en brengen deze weer in de praktijk. In dit reflectieproces nemen we afstand van ons handelen in tijd en ruimte: we bekijken ons eigen handelen alsof het door iemand anders gedaan wordt. Zo kunnen wij objectief naar ons eigen handelen kijken. Om echte alternatieven voor ons handelen te bedenken en niet terug te vallen in wat we gewend zijn te doen, moeten we onze creativiteit de ruimte geven. Paradoxaal genoeg kan dit het beste door ons denkproces te sturen door middel van reflectieoefeningen. Puntreflectie, reflectie via brainstorm, reflectie met metaforen, lijnreflectie en niveaureflectie zijn vormen van reflectie die door de kenniskring gebruikt worden als reflectietool. De scenariomethode is ook een oefening die ons denken over de toekomst openbreekt, juist door het proces strak te sturen. In een Socratisch gesprek onderzoeken we gezamenlijk onze vooronderstellingen. We kunnen ook reflecteren tijdens ons handelen, door ons tegelijkertijd bewust te zijn van ons handelen en hierover na te denken: dit vergt wel een behoorlijke concentratie. Ook willen we graag dat onze reflectie doorlopend is, zodat de reflectiecirkel in een reflectiespiraal veranderd. Reflecteren is niet alleen een mentale bezigheid, maar is tevens een resonantie tussen het denken, de emotie en de wilskracht, tussen hoofd, hart en buik. We gebruiken reflectietools in het onderwijs om de student te leren reflecteren over zijn leerproces, de gebruikte methode en de maatschappelijke consequenties van zijn handelen. We willen het reflectieproces bij onze studenten provoceren en aanmoedigen: dit doen we door gestuurde reflectie op vragen die uit de praktijk voortvloeien. Door bewuster na te denken, leren de studenten bewuster te handelen. Onze taak is professionals op te leiden die door reflectie bewust bekwaam zijn in hun handelen.

Use of experiential knowledge by mental health professionals and its contribution to recovery: literature review

Objective: This article explores the use of experiential knowledge by traditional mental health professionals and the possible contribution to the recovery of service users. Design and Methods: The review identified scientific publications from a range of sources and disciplines. Initial searches were undertaken in databases PsycINFO, PubMed, and Cochrane using specific near operator search strategies and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Fifteen articles were selected. These were published in a broad range of mental health and psychology journals reporting research in western countries. In the selected articles, a varying conceptualization of experiential knowledge was found, differing from therapeutic self-disclosure embedded in psychotherapeutic contexts to a relational and destigmatizing use in recovery-oriented practices. Nurses and social workers especially are speaking out about their own experiences with mental health distress. Experiential knowledge stemming from lived experience affects the professional’s identity and the system. Only a few studies explored the outcomes for service users’ recovery. Conclusion: A small body of literature reports about the use of experiential knowledge by mental health professionals. The mental health system is still in transformation to meaningfully incorporate the lived experience perspective from traditional professionals. There is little data available on the value for the recovery of service users. This data indicates positive outcomes, such as new understandings of recovery, feeling recognized and heard, and increased hope, trust, and motivation. More research about the meaning of experiential knowledge for the recovery of service users is desirable.

Person-centred Music-making as a Cultural Change Agent for Compassionate Healthcare:

To meet the care needs of the rapidly ageing patient populations, the cultivation of a compassionate patient-centred healthcare culture has become central in the value-based healthcare discourse. A participatory music practice, ‘Meaningful Music in Healthcare’ employs a person-centred approach to music-making in Dutch hospitals. A grounded theory analysis on ethnographically collected data suggests that music-making serves as a social change agent and cultural resource for catalysing compassionate contact between healthcare professionals and patients. Processes of experiential growth and shared values in music-making and healthcare help to enrich care relationships and allow the emotional dimension of nurses’ professional performance to be explored.

Experiential Learning in Publishing: From Amsterdam to Oxford

Learning Communities in het Nieuwe Telen project

Het plan van aanpak gepresenteerd in deze handreiking is bedoeld als leidraad voor het ontwerpen, ontwikkelen, implementeren en evalueren van verschillende Learning Communities binnen het RAAK-5 project Het Nieuwe Telen: gas erop! Het is bedoeld om zowel inzichten als instrumenten te bieden aan coördinatoren en facilitatoren voor de implementatie van de lokale Learning Communities gedurende het project. Deze handreiking is een noodzakelijke aanvulling op het project vanwege de prominente rol van Learning Communities binnen het project, maar ook omdat er geen wetenschappelijk gebaseerde ontwerpprincipes voor LC’s te vinden zijn. Er zijn veel projecten die Learning Communities uitvoeren, maar een grondige zoektocht naar literatuur en internetbronnen resulteerde niet in ontwerpprincipes.

Learning in networks Community of Practice: a new approach to entrepreneurial learning

Educational programs teaching entrepreneurial behaviour and knowledge are crucial to a vital and healthy economy. The concept of building a Communities of Practice (CoP) could be very promising. CoP’s are formed by people who engage in a process of collective learning in a shared domain of human endeavour (Wenger, McDermott and Snyder, 2002). They consist of a group of people who share a concern or a passion for something they do and learn how to do it better as they interact regularly. Normally CoP’s are rather homogeneous. Saxion institute Small Business & Retail Management (SB&RM) started a CoP with entrepreneurs September 2007. Typical in the this community, are the differences between the partners. The Community consists of students, entrepreneurs and members of an institution for higher education. They have different characteristics and they don’t share the same knowledge. Thus, building long-lasting relations can be complicated. Solid relations for longer periods are nevertheless inevitable in using CoP as a mean in an educational concept that takes approximately 4 years. After one year an evaluation took place on the main aspects of a lasting partnership. The central problem SB&RM in Deventer faces is to design the CoP in a way possible members will join and stay for a longer period and in a way it ensures entrepreneurial learning. This means important design characteristics have to be identified, and the CoP in Deventer has to be evaluated to assess whether it meets those design characteristics in an effective and efficient way. The main target of the evaluation is to determine which key factors are important to make sure continuity in partnership is assured and entrepreneurial learning is best supported. To solve the problem, an investigation on how a CoP works, what group dynamics take place, and how this can be measured has to be conducted. Furthermoreusing the CoP as a tool for entrepreneurship means key aspects of entrepreneurial learning have to be identified. After that the CoP in Deventer has to be examined on both aspects. According to literature CoP’s define themselves along three dimensions: domain (indicating what is it about), community (defining how it functions), and practice (indicating what capabilities it has produced) (Wenger, 1998). This leads to meaningful, shared and coordinated activities (Akkerman et al, 2007): Key aspects of a successful CoP lie in both hard and soft sides of creating a partnership. It means on one hand a CoP has to deal with defining their own overall vision, formulating long term goals and targets on the short term. They have to formulate how to achieve those targets and create meaningful activities (reification). On the other hand a CoP has to deal with relations, trust, norms and values (participation). Reification and participation as design characteristic can provide indicators on which the CoP in Deventer can be evaluated. A lasting partnership means joining the CoP and staying. Weick provides us with a suitable model that enables us to do research and evaluate whether the CoP in Deventer is successful or not, Weick’s model of means convergence. To effectively ensure entrepreneurial learning the process in the CoP has to provide or enable actionoriented forms through Project-based activity, accompanied by reflection, with high emotional exposure (or cognitive affection) preferably caused by discontinuities to be suitable as a tool in entrepreneurial learning. Furthermore it should be accompanied by the right preconditions to work effectively and efficiently. The evaluation of the present CoP in Deventer is done by interviewing all participants at the end of the first year of the partnership. In a structured interview, based on literature studies, all participants were separately questioned