The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact that unevenly allocating buffer capacity has on throughput and average buffer level regarding unreliable lines to better understand the relevant factors in supply chain design. Results show that the best patterns for unreliable merging lines in terms of generating higher throughput rates (TR), as compared to a balanced merging line counterpart, are those where total available buffer capacity is allocated between workstations in either an inverted bowl pattern (i.e. concentrating buffer capacity towards the centre of the line), or a balanced line pattern. In contrast, when considering the trade-off between generating revenue resulting from TR and reducing cost created by average buffer levels (ABL), we found that the balanced pattern was not the best pattern. The best pattern was dependent on the length of the line and on the total buffer capacity as shorter lines with very constrained buffers were best served with an inverted bowl pattern while longer lines had the best results when applying an ascending buffer allocation pattern. Longer lines, in contrast, had the best results regarding the trade-off between TR and ABL, on average, by allocating buffer capacity evenly in one of the parallel lines while applying any other pattern in the remaining parallel line.
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Op basis van een literatuurstudie biedt dit rapport een overzicht van sleutelvariabelen voor de transitie naar Natuur-inclusieve Landbouw (NIL) vanuit een multi-level en multi-dimensionaal systeemperspectief. Het doel van de literatuurstudie is om te analyseren welke succes- en faalfactoren in de literatuur genoemd worden om de transitie naar een natuurinclusieve landbouw mogelijk te maken dan wel te versnellen. Deze studie geeft daarmee handen en voeten aan een handelingsperspectief voor NIL. Dit handelingsperspectief vergt maatwerk per gebied, en kan verschillen afhankelijk van het schaalniveau waarop geacteerd wordt, en is afhankelijk van de mate waarin sleutelfactoren en betrokken actoren elkaar versterken of beperken.
In cases of sexual assault, the interpretation of biological traces on clothing, and particularly undergarments, may be complex. This is especially so when the complainant and defendant interact socially, for instance as (ex-)partners or by co-habitation. Here we present the results from a study where latent male DNA on female worn undergarments is recovered in four groups with different levels of male-female social interaction. The results conform to prior expectation, in that less interaction tend to result in less male DNA on undergarments. We explore the use of these experimental data for evaluative reporting given activity level propositions in a mock case scenario. We show how the selection of different populations to represent the social interaction between complainant and defendant may affect the strength of the evidence. We further show how datasets of limited size can be used for robust activity level evaluative reporting.
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