In this article, Isaac argues that since 1948, Israel's control of water resources has been the result of military actions that forced between 700,000 and 800,000 Palestinians into exile and claimed the most fertile part of the disputed territory for the state. It thereby paved the way for subsequent military occupation. Isaac maintains that the Israeli occupation has violated the Palestinian right to the equitable and reasonable utilization of shared water resources. In his view, from the end of the 1967 war, Israel initiated its occupation of the territories of Palestine and quickly imposed military order with a view to achieving full control over land and water resources. To Isaac, these military orders served to dissolve the pre-1967 legal systems and which consisted of Ottoman, British, Jordanian (West Bank) and Egyptian (Gaza Strip) laws. This critical review article concentrates on the concept of justice tourism as a response to these assumed Israeli violations of Palestinian rights to equitable and reasonable utilization of shared water resources. The article sheds light on why and how justice tourism conceivably contributes to the Palestine host communities' transformation and hence to the development of higher level self-consciousness about their rights as "a sovereign nation".
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In this article, Isaac argues that since 1948, Israel's control of water resources has been the result of military actions that forced between 700,000 and 800,000 Palestinians into exile and claimed the most fertile part of the disputed territory for the state. It thereby paved the way for subsequent military occupation. Isaac maintains that the Israeli occupation has violated the Palestinian right to the equitable and reasonable utilization of shared water resources. In his view, from the end of the 1967 war, Israel initiated its occupation of the territories of Palestine and quickly imposed military order with a view to achieving full control over land and water resources. To Isaac, these military orders served to dissolve the pre-1967 legal systems and which consisted of Ottoman, British, Jordanian (West Bank) and Egyptian (Gaza Strip) laws. This critical review article concentrates on the concept of justice tourism as a response to these assumed Israeli violations of Palestinian rights to equitable and reasonable utilization of shared water resources. The article sheds light on why and how justice tourism conceivably contributes to the Palestine host communities' transformation and hence to the development of higher level self-consciousness about their rights as "a sovereign nation".
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Urban green and shading are adaptation measures that reduce urban heat. This is evident from meteorological measurements and investigations with surveys and has been described in many papers (e.g. Klemm et al., 2015). The cooling effect of these adaptation measures is reflected by lower air temperatures and an improved thermal comfort. Shading and urban green are also experienced as cooler than impervious urban spaces without vegetation or shading. However, the cooling effect of water bodies in cities, such as rivers, lakes, ponds, canals,fountains, is not clear yet (Steeneveld et al., 2014). Several studies show that the cooling effect of water bodies in cities is small, or can even be a source of heat during nighttime. The effect depends on the characteristics of the water body and the meteorological conditions. Nevertheless, water is often mentioned as an adaptation measure to reduce urban heat.To support urban professionals in designing cooler urban environments by using water bodies, we investigated in more detail how different water types in msterdam contribute to cooling the environment. During five summer days, we measured the cooling effect of five different water bodies: a pond, a fountain, a canal, and two rivers. We used measurements from mobile weather stations (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, global radiation and globe temperature) and collected almost 1000 surveys near the water bodies and a reference location. From these data, we could determine the effect of the water bodies on air temperature, thermal comfort and thermal sensation. The research question that we tried to answer with this study is: What is the cooling effect of different water types in the city of Amsterdam during hot days? The study has been carried out within the framework of a Dutch research project ‘Urban climate resilience – Turning climate adaptation into practice’ and supports urban professionals to decide on the right adaptation measures to reduce urban heat.
Despite their various appealing features, drones also have some undesirable side-effects. One of them is the psychoacoustic effect that originates from their buzzing noise that causes significant noise pollutions. This has an effect on nature (animals run away) and on humans (noise nuisance and thus stress and health problems). In addition, these buzzing noises contribute to alerting criminals when low-flying drones are deployed for safety and security applications. Therefore, there is an urgent demand from SMEs for practical knowledge and technologies that make existing drones silent, which is the main focus of this project. This project contributes directly to the KET Digital Innovations\Robotics and multiple themes of the top sectors: Agriculture, Water and Food, Health & Care and Safety. The main objective of this project is: Investigate the desirability and possibilities of extremely silent drone technologies for agriculture, public space and safety This is an innovative project and there exist no such drone technology that attempts to reduce the noises coming from drones. The knowledge within this project will be converted into the first proof-of-concepts that makes the technology the first Minimum Viable Product suitable for market evaluations. The partners of this project include WhisperUAV, which has designed the first concept of a silent drone. As a fiber-reinforced 3D composite component printer, Fiberneering plays a crucial role in the (further) development of silent drone technologies into testable prototypes. Sorama is involved as an expert company in the context of mapping the sound fields in and around drones. The University of Twente is involved as a consultant and co-developer, and Research group of mechatronics at Saxion is involved as concept developer, system and user requirement verifier and validator. As an unmanned systems innovation cluster, Space53 will be involved as innovation and networking consultant.
Dit project betreft de doorontwikkeling van eerdere projecten op het gebied van ontwerpen van producten met functionele oppervlakken. Het MKB heeft de sterke wens dat het reeds goed volwassen geworden Fablab Enschede uitgebreid wordt met een Expertisecentrum Functionele Oppervlakken voor kunststoffen. Dit expertisecentrum is een middel om toegepaste kennis te dissemineren onder zowel studenten als in het MKB. De reeds bestaande kennis zal in dit project worden uitgebreid met vier hoofdthema?s: " Kleinserie Statisch functionele oppervlakken " Grootserie Statisch functionele oppervlakken " Kleinserie Actief functionele oppervlakken " Grootserie Actief functionele oppervlakken Binnen ieder van deze hoofdthema?s wordt tenminste één toepassingscase onderzocht. Bestaande kennis op het gebied van Passief functionele oppervlakken, productietechnieken en basiskennis van bovenstaande thema?s zijn reeds in ruime mate voorhanden in o.a. het Fablab Enschede. Met beoogde ontwikkelingen wordt het mogelijk om producten met meer functionaliteit en meer intelligentie te ontwikkelen. Technologisch gezien passen de ontwikkelingen goed in de ambities van Saxion, HTSM ontwikkelingen en het mkb. Het resultaat van het project zal de oprichting zijn van een Expertisecentrum Functionele Oppervlakken, dat een uitbreiding wordt op het bestaande Fablab Enschede.
Aanleiding van project FUNCY is dat producten steeds kleiner worden en tegelijkertijd meer functies en elektronica bevatten. Voorbeelden van functies zijn zelfreinigend, esthetisch, elektrisch geleidend, antibacterieel en röntgenstraling-absorberend. Ook worden product vaak gepersonaliseerd naar wens van de gebruiker. Zo kan een product desgewenst van verschillende functies worden voorzien. Om de functies een plek te geven is in FUNCY toegepast onderzoek gedaan naar het ontwerpen en aanbrengen van functionele oppervlaktes. Door eigenschappen enkel aan te brengen daar waar ze nodig zijn, worden materiaal, volume en vaak kosten bespaard. Denk aan het direct aanbrengen van elektronische componenten op een behuizing, ter vervanging van een printplaat (PCB). Er is onderzocht welke technieken (binnenkort) beschikbaar zijn, en getest op applicatiemogelijkheden en eigenschappen. Er zijn verschillende bedrijfscases gedaan, waaronder een intelligente bouwhelm, een zelfreinigende security casing en gepersonaliseerde röntgenstraling-absorberende gezichtsbescherming. De kennis die is opgedaan in dit project is beschikbaar gekomen via www.funcy.nl en in het in dit project gerealiseerde OppervlakteLab. In dit OppervlakteLab kan men zelf aan de slag met de beschikbare onderzochte technieken om een eigen product van functionele oppervlakte te voorzien. De faciliteiten zijn onder andere een coronapen voor een verbeterde hechting op kunststof, een vapor smoother om 3D prints van ABS glad en glanzend af te werken, coatings om waterafstotende oppervlaktes te maken, elektrisch geleidende- folie en 3D print filamenten, een galvaniseer-set en een zeefdruk om geleidende inkt aan te brengen.
