This booklet presents sixteen 'practice briefs' which are popular publications based on 12 Master and one Bachelor theses of Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences (VHL). All theses were commissioned through the research project entitled 'Inclusive and climate smart business models in Ethiopian and Kenyan dairy value chains (CSDEK)'. The objective of this research is to identify scalable, climate smart dairy business models in the context of the ongoing transformation from informal to formal dairy chains in Kenya and Ethiopia.
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This magazine presents the highlights of the applied research project “Inclusive and climate-smart business models in Ethiopian and Kenyan dairy valuechains (CSDEK)”. The CSDEK applied research project was conducted in six case study areas, three in Ethiopia and three in Kenya. At the time of publishing this magazine, research was still ongoing in some of the study areas. The projectteam and researchers hope to contribute to creating awareness of climatesmartdairy practices and development of the dairy sector in Ethiopia and Kenya. In two of the study areas, collaboration between VHL and dairy stakeholders will continue, preferably through local networks in a Living Lab approach.
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Over the past few years the tone of the debate around climate change has shifted from sceptical to soberingly urgent as the global community has prioritised the research into solutions which will mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. So far this research has been insufficient. One of the major problems for driving public and private stakeholders to implement existing solutions and research new ones is how we communicate about climate change (Stoknes, 2014). There seems to be a lack of common language that drives the scientific community away from policymakers and the public. Due to this lack, it is hard to translate findings into viable and sustainable solutions and to adopt new climate-neutral economies and habits.
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Client: Foundation Innovation Alliance (SIA - Stichting Innovatie Alliantie) with funding from the ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW) Funder: RAAK (Regional Attention and Action for Knowledge circulation) The RAAK scheme is managed by the Foundation Innovation Alliance (SIA - Stichting Innovatie Alliantie) with funding from the ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW). Early 2013 the Centre for Sustainable Tourism and Transport started work on the RAAK-MKB project ‘Carbon management for tour operators’ (CARMATOP). Besides NHTV, eleven Dutch SME tour operators, ANVR, HZ University of Applied Sciences, Climate Neutral Group and ECEAT initially joined this 2-year project. The consortium was later extended with IT-partner iBuildings and five more tour operators. The project goal of CARMATOP was to develop and test new knowledge about the measurement of tour package carbon footprints and translate this into a simple application which allows tour operators to integrate carbon management into their daily operations. By doing this Dutch tour operators are international frontrunners.Why address the carbon footprint of tour packages?Global tourism contribution to man-made CO2 emissions is around 5%, and all scenarios point towards rapid growth of tourism emissions, whereas a reverse development is required in order to prevent climate change exceeding ‘acceptable’ boundaries. Tour packages have a high long-haul and aviation content, and the increase of this type of travel is a major factor in tourism emission growth. Dutch tour operators recognise their responsibility, and feel the need to engage in carbon management.What is Carbon management?Carbon management is the strategic management of emissions in one’s business. This is becoming more important for businesses, also in tourism, because of several economical, societal and political developments. For tour operators some of the most important factors asking for action are increasing energy costs, international aviation policy, pressure from society to become greener, increasing demand for green trips, and the wish to obtain a green image and become a frontrunner among consumers and colleagues in doing so.NetworkProject management was in the hands of the Centre for Sustainable Tourism and Transport (CSTT) of NHTV Breda University of Applied Sciences. CSTT has 10 years’ experience in measuring tourism emissions and developing strategies to mitigate emissions, and enjoys an international reputation in this field. The ICT Associate Professorship of HZ University of Applied Sciences has longstanding expertise in linking varying databases of different organisations. Its key role in CARMATOP was to create the semantic wiki for the carbon calculator, which links touroperator input with all necessary databases on carbon emissions. Web developer ibuildings created the Graphical User Interface; the front end of the semantic wiki. ANVR, the Dutch Association of Travel Agents and Tour operators, represents 180 tour operators and 1500 retail agencies in the Netherlands, and requires all its members to meet a minimum of sustainable practices through a number of criteria. ANVR’s role was in dissemination, networking and ensuring CARMATOP products will last. Climate Neutral Group’s experience with sustainable entrepreneurship and knowledge about carbon footprint (mitigation), and ECEAT’s broad sustainable tourism network, provided further essential inputs for CARMATOP. Finally, most of the eleven tour operators are sustainable tourism frontrunners in the Netherlands, and are the driving forces behind this project.
This project extends the knowledge and scope of carbon footprinting in tourism. Currently, the carbon footprint of holidaymakers is available as time-series based on the CVO (Continue Vakantie Onderzoek) for the years 2002, 2005 and all between 2008 and 2018. For one year, 2009, a report has also been written about inbound tourism. The carbon footprint of business travel has not been determined, whereas there has been considerable interest throughout the years from businesses to assess and mitigate their travel footprints. There is also increasing policy attention for travel footprints. In 2018, a modified setup of the CVO caused the need to revise our statistical model and correction factors to be developed to counter the potential effects of a trend-breach. The project aimed to check and improve the current syntax for Dutch holidaymakers, adjust the one for inbound tourism, and develop a new one for Dutch business travel. The project output includes a report on the carbon footprint of Dutch holidaymakers for 2018, on inbound tourism for 2014, and on Dutch business travel for 2016, based on the CVO, inbound tourim dataset, and CZO. The project ends with a workshop with stakeholders to identify the way forward in tourism carbon footprinting in the Netherlands (tools, applications, etc.)Project partners: NRIT Research, NBTC-NIPO Research, CBS
Het landelijk gebied staat voor ingrijpende veranderingen. In 2050 zal het een geheel ander aanzien hebben. Keuzes van nu, bepalen hoe het toekomstige landschap eruit zal zien. De Europese Commissie en het Rijk zetten hierin de toon waarbij provincies de cruciale uitvoerende regio’s gaan worden. Binnen dit dynamische kader moeten op gebiedsniveau maatwerkoplossingen worden gevonden waarbij publiek/private belanghebbenden samenwerken. Een van de grote landbouw-uitdagingen is de opgave om emissies te reduceren en integraal te verduurzamen. Er is onderzoek nodig om kringlopen (beter) te sluiten, reststromen te verwaarden en onze natuurlijke leefomgeving te beschermen. Uitstoot van CO2, stikstof en methaan heeft aantoonbare schadelijke gevolgen voor onze kwetsbare natuur en het milieu. Hoewel de landbouwsector thans negatief bijdraagt aan de staat van ons milieu kan zij tegelijkertijd ook onderdeel worden van voorgestane oplossingen. Door nabewerkingen van meststromen, kunnen kostbare nutriënten worden teruggewonnen en duurzaam biogas/groengas worden geproduceerd. Aeres, Saxion en VHL (SPRONG-groep), bedrijven en (semi-publieke) overheden kiezen voor een gezamenlijke profilering gericht op een Emissiearme Landbouw en MEstverwaarding iN een gebiedsgerichte contexT (ELEMENT). Het ELEMENT-programma biedt (agrarische) ondernemers uit de mestverwaardingsketen kennis over het hergebruik van meststoffen (verwaarding), sluiten van nutriëntenkringlopen, CO2-neutrale (voedsel)productie, samenwerkingsconcepten voor de optimalisatie van (individuele) bedrijfsresultaten en nieuwe handelingsperspectieven door best practices, business cases en fysieke (mestvergistings en mestverwaardings)installaties te ontwikkelen en te testen. Bovendien worden voornoemde handelingsperspectieven duurzaam verbonden én ingepast in het landelijk/provinciaal geformuleerde gebiedsbeleid en gestelde doelen. Het ELEMENT-programma levert waardevolle bijdragen aan maatschappelijke opgaven in de Sustainable Development Goals, missies van het Horizon Europe-programma gericht op ‘adaption to climate change’, het Gemeenschappelijk Landbouwbeleid (GLB) gericht op milieubescherming, levendige plattelandsgebieden, toekomstbestendigheid van de agrarische sector en aan de missies van de KIA-LWV, KIA-Energietransitie & Duurzaamheid én KIA-Sleuteltechnologieën. Het ELEMENT- programma onderscheidt zich door de actuele integrale aanpak voor nieuwe gebiedsgerichte (landbouw)concepten.
