Trainers van sporttalenten hebben een complexe taak. Sporttalenten moeten vaak hard trainen om de volgende stap te maken in hun sportcarrière of om de aansluiting bij de top te halen. Complexe taken waarmee de trainer te maken krijgt zijn onder andere: het vinden van juiste balans tussen techniek, tactiek, mentale en andere trainbare factoren; grenzen aan fysieke en mentale vermogen van sporters; pieken in groei, lichamelijk en mentaal bij jeugdigen; trainingsbelasting in relatie tot (individuele) belastbaarheid; afstemmingsproblemen tussen studie, sport en privéleven. Het risico van een disbalans tussen belasting en belastbaarheid is continu aanwezig met alle negatieve gevolgen van dien. Hierbij valt te denken aan sportblessures of het niet optimaal presteren als gevolg van over- of ondertraining. Om goede sturing te kunnen geven aan dit proces, monitoren veel trainers de individuele belasting en belastbaarheid van hun sporters. Echter ontbreekt het hen aan de kennis, knowhow en tijd om de verzamelde data te verwerken, interpreteren en om te zetten naar trainingsaanpassingen daar waar nodig. Deze praktijkvraag van de trainer is vertaald naar de volgende onderzoeksvraag die centraal staat in het huidige project:
Hoe kunnen trainers beter toegerust worden om een optimale balans tussen individuele belasting en belastbaarheid van sporttalenten te realiseren met gebruikmaking van feedback van trainingsdata en trainingssturing.
In dit project gaan we mede op basis van input van trainers een scholing ontwikkelen ter bevordering van trainingssturing. Parallel hieraan wordt een feedback dashboard ontwikkeld (Coach in Control dashboard) die data van individuele sporter geautomatiseerd en betekenisvol rapporteert, visualiseert en beschikbaar maakt voor trainers. Dit gebeurt in de context van de cyclische sporten hardlopen, roeien en schaatsen plus shorttrack in het bijzonder. Trainer worden betrokken actief betrokken bij de ontwikkeling en het testen van prototypes van de scholing (blended) en het feedback dashboard.
Athlete development depends on many factors that need to be balanced by the coach. The amount of data collected grows with the development of sensor technology. To make data-informed decisions for training prescription of their athletes, coaches could be supported by feedback through a coach dashboard. The aim of this paper is to describe the design of a coach dashboard based on scientific knowledge, user requirements, and (sensor) data to support decision making of coaches for athlete development in cyclic sports. The design process involved collaboration with coaches, embedded scientists, researchers, and IT professionals. A classic design thinking process was used to structure the research activities in five phases: empathise, define, ideate, prototype, and test phases. To understand the user requirements of coaches, a survey (n = 38), interviews (n = 8) and focus-group sessions (n = 4) were held. Design principles were adopted into mock-ups, prototypes, and the final coach dashboard. Designing a coach dashboard using the co-operative research design helped to gain deep insights into the specific user requirements of coaches in their daily training practice. Integrating these requirements, scientific knowledge, and functionalities in the final coach dashboard allows the coach to make data-informed decisions on training prescription and optimise athlete development.
The aim of this observational study was to examine the differences between training variables as intended by coaches and perceived by junior speed skaters and to explore how these relate to changes in stress and recovery. During a 4-week preparatory period, intended and perceived training intensity (RPE) and duration (min) were monitored for 2 coaches and their 23 speed skaters, respectively. The training load was calculated by multiplying RPE by duration. Changes in perceived stress and recovery were measured using RESTQ-sport questionnaires before and after 4 weeks. Results included 438 intended training sessions and 378 executed sessions of 14 speed skaters. A moderately higher intended (52:37 h) versus perceived duration (45:16 h) was found, as skaters performed fewer training sessions than anticipated (four sessions). Perceived training load was lower than intended for speed skating sessions (−532 ± 545 AU) and strength sessions (−1276 ± 530 AU) due to lower RPE scores for skating (−0.6 ± 0.7) or shorter and fewer training sessions for strength (−04:13 ± 02:06 hh:mm). All training and RESTQ-sport parameters showed large inter-individual variations. Differences between intended–perceived training variables showed large positive correlations with changes in RESTQ-sport, i.e., for the subscale’s success (r = 0.568), physical recovery (r = 0.575), self-regulation (r = 0.598), and personal accomplishment (r = 0.589). To conclude, speed skaters that approach or exceed the coach’s intended training variables demonstrated an increased perception of success, physical recovery, self-regulation, and personal accomplishment.
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