Zoekresultaten

Flywheel Energy Storage Systems A Review WP4.3

Critical review on an experimental design to measure and model milk fouling in heating equipment

Fouling plays a major role in the Dairy industry. Five criteria: defined flow, no circulation, real factory product, defined product temperature and defined wall temperature, are used to review articles on this topic published between 2003 and 2020. To show the effect of those criteria in experiments, a simulation model is developed. For a good experimental design to measure fouling, the use of a dairy product in a tubular heater with a known developed flow is advised. The temperature-time history of the product and the wall temperature of the heater should be recorded. Circulation of a product will increase the fouling and decrease the flow. Although none of the reviewed articles complied to all criteria, 71% of the reviewed articles met at least two criteria. If not all criteria are met, the results are of less use for the application for process lines on industrial scale. A simulated computer model can be helpful.

Drying fruits as a business model for an orchard

This report describes the results and recommendations of the assessment of a potential business model for the orchard of Mr. W. Hekkert, Terwolde, focusing on drying fruits for organic muesli.

Study toward possible sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in dried valerian root

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of more than hundred compounds that are ubiquitous in our environment. Some of these PAHs are known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic. PAHs have been detected in dried herbs that were cultured in The Netherlands as well as in other European countries above the maximum levels in dried herbs set by the EU (EU, 2015) for benzo(a)pyrene and the sum of the following four PAHs benzo(a)pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranteen and chrysene. The origin of these PAHs in herbs is unknown. VNK cultivates, harvests and dries herbs including valerian and would like to identify the source of PAHs to comply to the EU limits for PAHs in herbs. The goal of the present study was to identify the source of PAHs found in valerian root, and to identify possible measures to reduce the concentration of PAHs in valerian root.

Roestvast staal in dunne plaat en buis

Deze publicatie is binnen het project 'nieuwe materialen' ontwikkeld en geeft informatie over nieuwe(re) roestvaste staalkwaliteiten, en is gericht op de verwerkers van dunne plaatmaterialen met dikten van 0,3 t/m ca. 3 mm. Een deel van de informatie is evenwel ook van toepassing voor andere plaatdikten en andere producten uit roestvast staal. In het kader van dit project zijn tevens uitgegeven: TI.04.18 'Hoge Sterkte Staal in dunne plaat en buis', TI.04.20 'Scheidingstechnieken voor dunne plaat en buis', TI.04.21 'Aluminium in dunne plaat en buis' en TI.04.22 'Ontwerpen van dunne plaat producten en de Eindige Elementen Methode.

The presence and growth of Legionella species in thermostatic shower mixer taps

Legislation in the Netherlands requires routine analysis of drinking water samples for cultivable Legionella species from high-priority installations. A field study was conducted to investigate the presence of Legionella species in thermostatic shower mixer taps. Water samples and the interior of ten thermostatic shower mixer taps were investigated for cultivable Legionella species. In seven cases, Legionella species was found in at least one of the samples. In four cases, Legionella species was detected in the biofilm on the thermostatic shower mixer taps interior, with the highest values on rubber parts, and in five cases in the cold supply water. These results show that thermostatic shower mixer taps can play a role in exceeding the threshold limit for cultivable Legionella species, but the cold supply water can also be responsible. Practical implications: This study showed that contamination of thermostatic shower mixer taps (TSMTs) with Legionella spp. was frequently observed in combination with contamination of the water system. Consequently, a combined focus is necessary to prevent the proliferation of cultivable Legionella spp. in TSMTs. In addition, the results also demonstrated that biofilms on rubbers inside the TSMT had high numbers of Legionella spp., probably because rubber contains relatively high concentrations of biodegradable substrates. Therefore, improvement of the rubber materials is necessary to reduce the proliferation of cultivable Legionella spp. in TSMTs.