In higher education, students often misunderstand teachers’ written feedback. This is worrisome, since written feedback is the main form of feedback in higher education. Organising feedback conversations, in which feedback request forms and verbal feedback are used, is a promising intervention to prevent misunderstanding of written feedback. In this study a 2 × 2 factorial experiment (N = 128) was conducted to examine the effects of a feedback request form (with vs. without) and feedback mode (written vs. verbal feedback). Results showed that verbal feedback had a significantly higher impact on students’ feedback perception than written feedback; it did not improve students’ self-efficacy, or motivation. Feedback request forms did not improve students’ perceptions, self-efficacy, or motivation. Based on these results, we can conclude that students have positive feedback perceptions when teachers communicate their feedback verbally and more research is needed to investigate the use of feedback request forms.
MULTIFILE
Background: Elective implant removal (IR) after fracture fixation is one of the most common procedures within (orthopedic) trauma surgery. The rate of surgical site infections (SSIs) in this procedure is quite high, especially below the level of the knee. Antibiotic prophylaxis is not routinely prescribed, even though it has proved to lower SSI rates in other (orthopedic) trauma surgical procedures. The primary objective is to study the effectiveness of a single intravenous dose of 2 g of cefazolin on SSIs after IR following fixation of foot, ankle and/or lower leg fractures. Methods: This is a multicenter, double-blind placebo controlled trial with a superiority design, including adult patients undergoing elective implant removal after fixation of a fracture of foot, ankle, lower leg or patella. Exclusion criteria are: an active infection, current antibiotic treatment, or a medical condition contraindicating prophylaxis with cefazolin including allergy. Patients are randomized to receive a single preoperative intravenous dose of either 2 g of cefazolin or a placebo (NaCl). The primary analysis will be an intention-to-treat comparison of the proportion of patients with a SSI at 90 days after IR in both groups. Discussion: If 2 g of prophylactic cefazolin proves to be both effective and cost-effective in preventing SSI, this would have implications for current guidelines. Combined with the high infection rate of IR which previous studies have shown, it would be sufficiently substantiated for guidelines to suggest protocolled use of prophylactic antibiotics in IR of foot, ankle, lower leg or patella. Trial registration Nederlands Trial Register (NTR): NL8284, registered on 9th of January 2020, https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/8284
In Europe we consume 50 million tonnes of plastic a year. The use of plastic has increased fiftyfold in fifty years and the growth continues. Collecting and recycling plastic is thus essential to avoid the pollution of the land and sea. However, generally, post-consumer plastics have very low recycling rates, at present only 7% of plastic used in Europe comes from recycled polymers. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most recycled materials; in 2017 more than 57% of PET bottles were recycled in Europe, used in both packaging and fibre applications. Especially transparent PET bottles have high collecting and recycling rates over Europe. However, the plastics have very different value depending on their colour. If the plastic is even very lightly coloured, the plastic will lose a large percentage of its value. Decolouring plastic is complicated and currently no efficient and economically viable system exists. FT Innovations, a SME with the core-expertise in extraction, sees potential in developing a sustainable decolouration process with a new extraction technology, which offers significant potential in replacing hazardous, relatively expensive and environmentally damaging organic solvents that are currently used on decolouration. Avans has relevant expertise in both (biobased) plastic colourants and the extraction techniques as demonstrated in previous projects, and therefore FT innovations approached Avans with the request to assist in the feasibility study. The consortium is further strengthen by CCT Oss with their strong industrial know-how of colourants and their use in plastics and Plastic Company with their core activity on recycling of PET and other plastic materials.
