Since 2012 the dutch metropolitan area (the metropole region of amsterdam, the city of amsterdam, rotterdam, the hague, utrecht ) cooperate in finding the best way to stimulate electric mobility through the implementation of a public charging infrastructure. with more than 5600 charge points and 1.6 million charge sessions in the last two years this is one of the most extensively used public charging infrastructure available worldwide. in this paper a benchmark study is carried out to identify different charge patterns between these 5 leading areas with an extensive public charging infrastructure to establish whether and how charge behaviour (e.g. charged volume, capacity utilization, unique users) differs between cities. based on the results first explanations for possible differences in charge patterns between cities will be provided. the study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the utilization of public charging infrastructure in a metropolitan area existing of four city centres and the amsterdam metropolitan area and to provide input for policy makers to prepare a public charging infrastructure ready for the projected growth of electric mobility in the next five years.
Educational design research yields design knowledge, often in the form ofdesign principles or guidelines that provide the rationale or ‘know-why’ for the design of educational interventions. As such, design principles can be utilized by designers in contexts other than the research context in which they were generated. Although research has shown that quality support is important for design success, less is known about processes that promote utilization of design principles as the rationale for instructional design.In this study we therefore explored an intervention for promoting the utilization of a set of research-based design principles in educational practice. This intervention aimed to promote utilization through enhancing perceived usefulness of the design principles by design teams in various contexts. The set of design principles that was utilized by the design teams in this study underpins the design of so-called hybrid learning configurations that aresituated at the interface between school and workplace. The intervention was developed from the perspective of boundary crossing theory and was conducted with four different design teams. It was evaluated by way of a questionnaire and a dialogue with members of the design teams. This boundary crossing intervention appeared to bring about the desiredoutcomes. Most of the design team members considered the set of design principles useful in several different ways and they expected that utilization of the principles would lead to an improved learning configuration.
MULTIFILE
Deployment and management of environmental infrastructures, such as charging infrastructure for Electric Vehicles (EV), is a challenging task. For policy makers, it is particularly difficult to estimate the capacity of current deployed public charging infrastructure for a given EV user population. While data analysis of charging data has shown added value for monitoring EV systems, it is not valid to linearly extrapolate charging infrastructure performance when increasing population size.We developed a data-driven agent-based model that can explore future scenarios to identify non-trivial dynamics that may be caused by EV user interaction, such as competition or collaboration, and that may affect performance metrics. We validated the model by comparing EV user activity patterns in time and space.We performed stress tests on the 4 largest cities the Netherlands to explore the capacity of the existing charging network. Our results demonstrate that (i) a non-linear relation exists between system utilization and inconvenience even at the base case; (ii) from 2.5x current population, the occupancy of non-habitual charging increases at the expense of habitual users, leading to an expected decline of occupancy for habitual users; and (iii) from a ratio of 0.6 non-habitual users to habitual users competition effects intensify. For the infrastructure to which the stress test is applied, a ratio of approximately 0.6 may indicate a maximum allowed ratio that balances performance with inconvenience. For policy makers, this implies that when they see diminishing marginal performance of KPIs in their monitoring reports, they should be aware of potential exponential increase of inconvenience for EV users.
The objective of this project is to study the utilization of cashew nut residual products and especially the utilization of the residual solid cake remaining from the pyrolytic isolation of the CNSL oils. The SME partners, CharcoTec and Privim, have identified an opportunity to develop an innovative stepwise pyrolysis process that leads to more efficient use of the cashew nut shells. The first step in the pyrolysis is isolation of so called Cashew Nut Shell Liquid that has many commercial applications. The second step, the topic of this study, is a potential production of charcoal from the remaining solid mass. Especially the relationship between technological and material variables, and the final quality of briquettes are the focus of the study. The result of this feasibility study is an initial evaluation of the process viability and sustainability.
