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Technocratie geen crisisredder

De coronacrisis was niet voorzien, ondanks alle grote beloftes die worden gedaan over de mogelijkheden van big data. Nog een tekortkoming van grootschalige dataverzameling en analyse is dat we oplossingen van maatschappelijke problemen te eenzijdig technocratisch willen oplossen. Het blijkt in deze tijd juist dat leiderschap van belang is. Dat vraagt leiders die verantwoordelijkheid durven nemen, volgers die het grotere belang daarvan zien én kritisch blijven.

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Ethische aspecten van big data

Big data heeft niet alleen geleid tot uitdagende technische vraagstukken, ook gaat het gepaard met allerlei nieuwe ethische en morele kwesties. Om verantwoord met big data om te gaan, moet ook over deze kwesties worden nagedacht. Want slecht datagebruik kan nadelige gevolgen hebben voor grote groepen mensen en voor organisaties. In de slotaflevering van deze serie verkennen Klaas Jan Mollema en Niek van Antwerpen op een pragmatische manier de ethische kant van big data, zonder te blijven steken in de negatieve effecten ervan.

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Kenniswerkplaats Zorgvuldig Data Delen

Datagebruik en omgang met persoonsgegevens gaan in bijna elke toekomstige baan op hbo-niveau een rol spelen. Dat betekent dat alle instituten van de Hogeschool Utrecht moeten nadenken over hoe zij hun toekomstige professionals hierop gaan voorbereiden. De vraag is of dat op dit moment adequaat en efficiënt gebeurt.

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Friction and the aesthetics of the smooth

Seamless design is an important dogma of dataism. Without unpredictable behaviour, however, there’s no data to retrieve. A wholly predictable future is just a continuous present, a tyranny of choices on offer.

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Friction and the aesthetics of the smooth

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Representation of good care in (photo)-stories

Humans use metaphors in thinking. Most metaphors are visual. In processing information stimuli the mind depends partly on visual codes. Information is processed and stored through two channels: one for non-verbal information and another for verbal information. The two different areas of information in the brain are interconnected. The information is stored in patterns that form an inner representation of how individuals perceive their reality and their self. The active processing of new information, remembering and the self-image are related phenomena, that influence each other, sometimes leading to biased interpretation or even reconstruction of contents in each of these areas. Imagination, expectations and anticipations of the future and memories are the more active manifestations of this process. In this process mimesis plays an important role. Mimesis is the imitation of reality in play, story-telling or creating images of how things should look like in the future. Through mimesis people can anticipate on roles in social life, or appropriate experiences from someone else and relate them to one’s own life story. When this happens the information is related to the self through processes of association and becomes ‘Erfahrung’.

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Representation of good care in (photo)-stories

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Handling ethical problems in counterterrorism

This document presents the findings of a study into methods that can help counterterrorism professionals make decisions about ethical problems. The study was commissioned by the Research and Documentation Centre (Wetenschappelijk Onderzoeken Documentatiecentrum, WODC) of the Dutch Ministry of Security and Justice (Ministerie van Veiligheid en Justitie), on behalf of the National Coordinator for Counterterrorism and Security (Nationaal Coördinator Terrorismebestrijding en Veiligheid,NCTV). The research team at RAND Europe was complemented by applied ethics expert Anke van Gorp from the Research Centre for Social Innovation (Kenniscentrum Sociale Innovatie) at Hogeschool Utrecht. The study provides an inventory of methods to support ethical decision-making in counterterrorism, drawing on the experience of other public sectors – healthcare, social work, policing and intelligence – and multiple countries, primarily the Netherlands and the United Kingdom

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Handling ethical problems in counterterrorism

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Medical Students' Cases as an Empirical Basis for Teaching Clinical Ethics.

To identify ethical issues that interns encounter in their clinical education and thus build a more empirical basis for the required contents of the clinical ethics curriculum. The authors analyzed a total of 522 required case reports on ethical dilemmas experienced by interns from September 1995 to May 1999 at the medical school of Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam. They identified four regularly described and numerous less frequently described topics. The interns addressed a wide range of ethical themes. In 45% of the cases, they mentioned disclosure or non-disclosure of information and informed consent; in 37%, medical decisions at the end of life; in 16%, medical failures; and in 9%, problems transferring patients from one caregiver to another. The interns also identified 27 themes linked to their unique position as interns and 19 themes related to specific types of patients. Based on self-reported experiences, the authors conclude that clinical ethics teachers should reflect on a multitude of dilemmas. Special expertise is required with respect to end-of-life decisions, truth telling, medical failures, and transferring patients from one caregiver to another. The clinical ethics curriculum should encourage students to voice their opinions and deal with values, responsibilities, and the uncertainty and failings of medical interventions.

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Medical Students' Cases as an Empirical Basis for Teaching Clinical Ethics.

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Robots in education

The challenges facing primary education are significant: a growing teacher shortage, relatively high administrative burdens that contribute to work-related stress and an increasing diversity of children in the classroom. A promising new technology that can help teachers and children meet these challenges is the social robot. These physical robots often use artificial intelligence and can communicate with children by taking on social roles, such as that of a fellow classmate or teaching assistant. Previous research shows that the use of social robots can lead to better results in several ways than when traditional educational technologies are applied. However, social robots not only bring opportunities but also lead to new ethical questions. In my PhD research, I investigated the moral considerations of different stakeholders, such as parents and teachers, to create the first guideline for the responsible design and use of social robots for primary education. Various research methods were used for this study. First of all, a large, international literature study was carried out on the advantages and disadvantages of social robots, in which 256 studies were ultimately analysed. Focus group sessions were then held with stakeholders: a total of 118 parents of primary school children, representatives of the robotics industry, educational policymakers, government education advisors, teachers and primary school children contributed. Based on the insights from the literature review and the focus group sessions, a questionnaire was drawn up and distributed to all stakeholders. Based on 515 responses, we then classified stakeholder moral considerations. In the last study, based on in-depth interviews with teachers who used robots in their daily teaching and who supervised the child-robot interaction of >2500 unique children, we studied the influence of social robots on children's social-emotional development. Our research shows that social robots can have advantages and disadvantages for primary education. The diversity of disadvantages makes the responsible implementation of robots complex. However, overall, despite their concerns, all stakeholder groups viewed social robots as a potentially valuable tool. Many stakeholders are concerned about the possible negative effect of robots on children's social-emotional development. Our research shows that social robots currently do not seem to harm children's social-emotional development when used responsibly. However, some children seem to be more sensitive to excessive attachment to robots. Our research also shows that how people think about robots is influenced by several factors. For example, low-income stakeholders have a more sceptical attitude towards social robots in education. Other factors, such as age and level of education, were also strong predictors of the moral considerations of stakeholders. This research has resulted in a guideline for the responsible use of social robots as teaching assistants, which can be used by primary schools and robot builders. The guideline provides schools with tools, such as involving parents in advance and using robots to encourage human contact. School administrators are also given insight into possible reactions from parents and other parties involved. The guideline also offers guidelines for safeguarding privacy, such as data minimization and improving the technical infrastructure of schools and robots; which still often leaves much to be desired. In short, the findings from this thesis provide a solid stepping stone for schools, robot designers, programmers and engineers to develop and use social robots in education in a morally responsible manner. This research has thus paved the way for more research into robots as assistive technology in primary education.

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Notions of the Sublime

A re-experiencing of the wilderness ideal is taking place in the Netherlands. This is expressed in the attention that is being devoted to projects in which agricultural land is transformed into nature. One of these projects is central to this article: the island Tiengemeten. We aim to study the experiences of visitors to this project in order to gain insight into the extent to which there are layers of depth visible in these experiences. For a lot of respondents going into in nature in general and making a visit to an island such as Tiengemeten in particular are ways of escaping from their day-to-day existence. It is noticeable that the words and images that the visitors use to describe their experiences fit in mainly with the wilderness view of nature. The wilderness view of nature is connected with experiences of the sublime; so in this article we also ask the question as to what the shift to the wilderness view of nature means for the religious landscape of the Netherlands.

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Producten 392

Technocratie geen crisisredder

Ethische aspecten van big data

Kenniswerkplaats Zorgvuldig Data Delen

Friction and the aesthetics of the smooth

Representation of good care in (photo)-stories

Handling ethical problems in counterterrorism

Medical Students' Cases as an Empirical Basis for Teaching Clinical Ethics.

Robots in education

Notions of the Sublime

Projecten 3

Bots of Trust

Bots of Trust - een interdisciplinair discours

Bots of Trust - een interdisciplinair discours

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Producten 392

Technocratie geen crisisredder

Ethische aspecten van big data

Kenniswerkplaats Zorgvuldig Data Delen

Friction and the aesthetics of the smooth

Representation of good care in (photo)-stories

Handling ethical problems in counterterrorism

Medical Students' Cases as an Empirical Basis for Teaching Clinical Ethics.

Robots in education

Notions of the Sublime

Projecten 3

Bots of Trust

Bots of Trust - een interdisciplinair discours

Bots of Trust - een interdisciplinair discours

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