For future generations to meet their needs, and to close the global inequality gap, we need to degrow. That is we need to reduce resource and energy consumption to bring the economy back into balance with the living world in a way that reduces inequality and improves human well-being (Hickel, 2020a,b). This transition has consequences for business, because instead of boosting sales companies need to encourage consumers to make do with less, avoiding build in obsolescence, extending product lives to slow disposal and replacement, focusing on satisfying ‘needs’ rather than ‘wants’ and reducing overall resource consumption through conscious changes in sales and marketing techniques, new revenue models and innovative technology solutions (Bocken & Short, 2016). Overall, we can say that companies have to rethink their business models, therefore I specifically aim to answer the following research question: what could a degrowth business model framework look like? Degrowth business models (DGMs) are supposed to serve the dual aim of (1) obeying planetary boundaries whilst simultaneously (2) contributing to reducing inequality and increasing well-being. That is companies need to develop value propositions that, on the one hand contribute to absolutely reducing resource and energy consumption, and on the other are aimed at production of protected needs (Di Giulio & Defila, 2021). Since degrowth is considered an authentic and legitimate interpretation of sustainable development, SDGs 12-16 can serve as proxies for obeying planetary boundaries, whilst the remaining SDGs (minus SDG8.1 -economic growth) can be regarded as proxies for well-being and reducing inequality.
LINK
For future generations to meet their needs, and to close the global inequality gap, we need to degrow. That is we need to reduce resource and energy consumption to bring the economy back into balance with the living world in a way that reduces inequality and improves human well-being (Hickel, 2020a,b). This transition has consequences for business, because instead of boosting sales companies need to encourage consumers to make do with less, avoiding build in obsolescence, extending product lives to slow disposal and replacement, focusing on satisfying ‘needs’ rather than ‘wants’ and reducing overall resource consumption through conscious changes in sales and marketing techniques, new revenue models and innovative technology solutions (Bocken & Short, 2016). Overall, we can say that companies have to rethink their business models, therefore I specifically aim to answer the following research question: what could a degrowth business model framework look like? Degrowth business models (DGMs) are supposed to serve the dual aim of (1) obeying planetary boundaries whilst simultaneously (2) contributing to reducing inequality and increasing well-being. That is companies need to develop value propositions that, on the one hand contribute to absolutely reducing resource and energy consumption, and on the other are aimed at production of protected needs (Di Giulio & Defila, 2021). Since degrowth is considered an authentic and legitimate interpretation of sustainable development, SDGs 12-16 can serve as proxies for obeying planetary boundaries, whilst the remaining SDGs (minus SDG8.1 -economic growth) can be regarded as proxies for well-being and reducing inequality.
LINK
The Dutch government and leading academics in the field of circular economy propose that “repurposing”, i.e., finding new usages for discarded material, is important to reduce resource usage. Waste collectors, municipalities and start-ups increasingly find ways to develop circular business models, aiming for minimum loss of material integrity. Repurpose is a circular business model strategy which entails using a discarded product or its parts in a new product with a different function.The aim of this research is to gain a better understanding of this promising but academically underexposed circular strategy by empirically exploring its key characteristics and developing a taxonomy that reflects the scope and potential of the concept. The taxonomy development was based on clustering and comparing 96 case examples using key characteristics and critical factors empirically collected by means of 11 semi-structured expert interviews. The taxonomy was iteratively refined and validated by means of workshops with experts.This paper proposes a taxonomy and a comprehensive definition for repurposing. The Repurpose taxonomy distinguishes three main categories with increasing levels of material integrity: “Reprocess”, “Reshape” and “Recontextualize”. The taxonomy provides a refinement of existing circular business model patterns and frameworks for closing material loops strategies. It shows how repurposing may exploit the creative potential of design to fill the gap between reuse and recycling by retaining previously added value with three levels of physical adjustment.
The valorization of biowaste, by exploiting side stream compounds as feedstock for the sustainable production of bio-based materials, is a key step towards a more circular economy. In this regard, chitin is as an abundant resource which is accessible as a waste compound of the seafood industry. From a commercial perspective, chitin is chemically converted into chitosan, which has multiple industrial applications. Although the potential of chitin has long been established, the majority of seafood waste containing chitin is still left unused. In addition, current processes which convert chitin into chitosan are sub-optimal and have a significant impact on the environment. As a result, there is a need for the development of innovative methods producing bio-based products from chitin. This project wants to contribute to these challenges by performing a feasibility study which demonstrates the microbial bioconversion of chitin to polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Specifically, the consortium will attempt to cultivate and engineer a recently discovered bacterium Chi5, so that it becomes able to directly produce PHAs from chitin present in solid shrimp shell waste. If successful, this project will provide a proof-of-concept for a versatile microbial production platform which can contribute to: i) the valorization of biowaste from the seafood industry, ii) the efficient utilization of chitin as feedstock, iii) the sustainable and (potentially low-cost) production of PHAs. The project consortium is composed of: i) Van Belzen B.V., a Dutch shrimp trading company which are highly interested in the valorization of their waste streams, hereby making their business model more profitable and sustainable. ii) AMIBM, which have recently isolated and characterized the Chi5 marine-based chitinolytic bacterium and iii) Zuyd, which will link aforementioned partners with students in creating a novel collaboration which will stimulate the development of students and the translation of academic knowledge to a feasible application technology for SME’s.
Voor het duurzaam, weerbaar en veerkrachtig houden van onze economie, moeten we haast maken met het concept circulaire economie. In een circulaire economie blijven grondstoffen en producten zo lang mogelijk in omloop en worden deze gedurende hun levensloop zo optimaal mogelijk benut. De transitie naar een circulaire economie biedt potentieel grote kansen voor MKB bedrijven zoals toegang tot nieuwe markten, innovatiekracht, toekomstbestendigheid en kansen op nieuwe samenwerkingsverbanden in de keten. Het MKB ziet zich echter geconfronteerd met tal van lastige vraagstukken. Voorbeelden zijn: hoe organiseer ik het circulair maken van mijn (nu nog lineaire) product? Wat voor consequenties heeft dat voor mijn businessmodel en mijn bedrijfsvoering? Wat betekent het voor mijn toeleveranciers en klanten? Hoe financier ik deze transitie? Het RAAK project “Circulair ondernemen: van concept naar praktijk” wil een nuttige bijdrage leveren aan duurzame economische groei van het MKB-bedrijfsleven. Het project heeft als doel ondernemers handvaten te bieden om stapsgewijs en weloverwogen tot een circulaire bedrijfsvoering te komen. De centrale onderzoeksvraag luidt: Hoe kan het concept circulaire economie voor het MKB worden vertaald in een praktische aanpak voor circulair ondernemen met aandacht voor materiaalgebruik, verdienmodellen en marketingstrategieën? Het project is een interdisciplinaire samenwerking tussen de vakgebieden bedrijfskunde, commerciële economie, psychologie en toegepaste natuurwetenschappen binnen Fontys Hogescholen en de Hogeschool van Amsterdam. De vijftien participerende (MKB) bedrijven en startups zijn actief als producent en/of ontwerper van (duurzame) producten of richten zich op de verwerking van afval- en reststromen. Alle bedrijven beogen het concept circulair ondernemen beter te integreren in de eigen bedrijfsvoering. Daarnaast zijn onderzoekstichting Our Common Future 2.0, ontwikkelingsmaatschappij Brainport Development, de regionale Rabobank Eindhoven-Veldhoven, werkgeversvereniging VNO-NCW en samenwerkingsverband DOE Eindhoven als partners betrokken. Diverse gemeenten en de provincie Noord-Brabant ondersteunen het project van harte. In het project zal bestaande kennis toepasbaar worden gemaakt en zal nieuwe kennis worden ontwikkeld om binnen het MKB te komen tot een meer circulaire bedrijfsvoering. Verder zal verankering van kennis en kunde in onderwijs en lectoraten plaatsvinden en een vergroting van de kwaliteit van docenten en afstudeerders. Er zullen circa 10 docent-onderzoekers van de hogescholen en circa 100 studenten betrokken worden, die in de vorm van studentenprojecten, stages en afstudeeronderzoeken werken aan circulaire vraagstukken direct uit de beroepspraktijk.
The impacts of tourism on destinations and the perceptions of local communities have been a major concern both for the industry and research in the past decades. However, tourism planning has been mainly focused on traditions that promote the increase of tourism without taking under consideration the wellbeing of both residents and visitors. To develop a more sustainable tourism model, the inclusion of local residents in tourism decision-making is vital. However, this is not always possible due to structural, economic and socio-cultural restrictions that residents face resulting to their disempowerment. This study aims to explore and interpret the formal processes around tourism decision-making and community empowerment in urban settings. The research proposes a comparative study of three urban destinations in Europe (The Hague in the Netherlands, San Sebastian in Spain and, Ioannina in Greece) that experience similar degree of tourism growth. The proposed study will use a design-based approach in order to understand tourism decision-making and what empowers or disempowers community participation within the destinations. Based on the findings of primary and secondary data, a community empowerment model will be applied in one the destinations as a pilot for resident engagement in tourism planning. The evaluation of the pilot will allow for an optimized model to be created with implications for tourism planning at a local level that can contribute to sustainable destinations that safeguard the interests of local residents and tourists.
