The potential reduction of risk in LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas) road transport due to the adoption of passive fire protectionswas investigated. Experimental data available for small scale vessels fully engulfed by a fire were extended to real scale road and rail tankers through a finite elements model. The results of mathematical simulations of real scale fire engulfment scenarios that may follow accidents involving LPG tankers proved the effectiveness of the thermal protections in preventing the “fired” BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion) scenario. The presence of a thermal coating greatly increases the “time to failure”, providing a time lapse that in the European experience may be considered sufficient to allowthe start of effective mitigation actions by fire brigades. The results obtainedwere used to calculate the expected reduction of individual and societal risk due to LPG transportation in real case scenarios. The analysis confirmed that the introduction of passive fire protections turns out in a significant reduction of risk, up to an order of magnitude in the case of individual risk and of about 50% if the expectation value is considered. Thus, the adoption of passive fire protections, not compulsory in European regulations, may be an effective technical measure for risk reduction, and may contribute to achieve the control of “major accidents hazards” cited by the European legislation
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The aim of this research is to get a better understanding of the influence of terrorism on risk perceptions and attitudes of the German travel behaviour towards Egypt. The research process involved an online self-administered method created with one of the leading research and web based survey tools called Qualtrics. The questionnaire filled in by 171 respondents. Findings indicate that Egypt is generally perceived as an unsafe destination to travel to, however, those respondents with Past Travel Experience (PTE) rate the country’s attractiveness higher and are therefore, more likely to revisit as well. Spillover effect was found to be significant, as well as the influence of several socio- demographic factors. Risk reduction strategies were generally rated to be effective and could therefore have implications for Destination Management Organisations (DMOs) to create a more appealing image for Egypt as a holiday destination.
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This book presents the results of the international research project CODALoop: Community Data Loop for Energy Conscious Lifestyles. It dissects the energy practices that make urban households demanding energy in their daily life and reveals the pathway towards reducing this energy demand.To unpack energy practices, the authors of this volume move away from efficiency problems studying the interaction between human and new technologies. Instead, they use a repertoire of different analytical instruments to study how interaction between humans, and between humans and data, change the social norms that shape energy needs.The volume offers a synthesis of a cross-disciplinary study of energy reduction carried out in three different countries through multiple methodological approaches. The project at the source of the book was funded under the Joint Program Initiative 'Urban Europe' and the ERA-net framework.
