This study introduces a detailed method for analyzing the buckling behavior of laminated composite structures strengthened with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). We propose a multi-scale analysis that combines analytical and computational techniques to assess the mechanical performance of MWCNT-reinforced composites under combined moisture, temperature, and mechanical stress conditions. The Halpin-Tsai equations are used to calculate the overall stiffness properties of the nano-enhanced matrix, considering factors like MWCNT clustering, alignment, and curvature. Additionally, we incorporate the nanoscopic, size-dependent features of MWCNTs into our model. The Chamis micromechanical formulas are applied to determine the individual elastic properties of the nanocomposite layers, considering the impacts of temperature and moisture. We then explore how variables such as MWCNT content and size, along with temperature and moisture levels, influence the critical buckling load of MWCNT-based laminated composite beams and plates using our multi-scale model. Our results are successfully compared with existing experimental and theoretical data to validate our approach. The developed method offers significant insights for the design and optimization of MWCNT-reinforced composites, potentially benefiting various engineering fields, including aerospace and automotive industries.
This study presents a detailed buckling analysis of laminated composites reinforced by multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) inclusions using a multiscale computational framework. It combines multiple analytical and computational techniques to assess the performance of these composites under varying hygro-thermo-mechanical conditions. The model incorporates nanoscopic MWCNT characteristics, estimates orthotropic constants, and investigates the impact of various factors on the critical buckling load of MWCNT-based laminates. Comparison with existing data validates our approach, marking the first usage of the multiscale finite element method for predicting the buckling behaviour of MWCNT-reinforced laminates. This research offers valuable design insights for various industries including aerospace and automotive.
The thoracic and peritoneal cavities are lined by serous membranes and are home of the serosal immune system. This immune system fuses innate and adaptive immunity, to maintain local homeostasis and repair local tissue damage, and to cooperate closely with the mucosal immune system. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are found abundantly in the thoracic and peritoneal cavities, and they are crucial in first defense against pathogenic viruses and bacteria. Nanomaterials (NMs) can enter the cavities intentionally for medical purposes, or unintentionally following environmental exposure; subsequent serosal inflammation and cancer (mesothelioma) has gained significant interest. However, reports on adverse effects of NMon ILCs and other components of the serosal immune systemare scarce or even lacking. As ILCs are crucial in the first defense against pathogenic viruses and bacteria, it is possible that serosal exposure to NMmay lead to a reduced resistance against pathogens. Additionally, affected serosal lymphoid tissues and cells may disturb adipose tissue homeostasis. This review aims to provide insight into key effects of NMon the serosal immune system.
