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Go electric

Gezonde Stad

Lector Gezonde Stad Jeannette Nijkamp richt zich met haaronderzoeksprogramma op een gezonde stedelijke fysieke leefomgeving.Doel is het verkleinen van gezondheidsverschillen tussen bewoners meteen hoge en lage sociaaleconomische status. Deze laatste groep heeftnamelijk een kortere levensverwachting, een slechtere gezondheid en eenongezondere leefstijl.Het Nederlandse gezondheidsbeleid zette tot voor kort vooral in opleefstijlinterventies. Vanwege de hardnekkige gezondheidsverschillenis er nu echter ook aandacht voor een gezonde fysieke leefomgeving.De geschiedenis leert namelijk dat fysieke ingrepen, zoals bijvoorbeeldde aanleg van riolering, een belangrijke bijdrage kunnen leveren aangezondheidsbevordering voor alle bewoners en het verkleinen vangezondheidsverschillen.Binnen het onderzoeksprogramma Gezonde Stad wordt onderzochthoe de fysieke leefomgeving zodanig kan worden ontworpen eningericht dat stadsbewoners zich hier prettig voelen en worden verleidtot gezond gedrag. Hiertoe worden interventies ontwikkeld, waarbijwordt samengewerkt met allerlei partijen zoals gemeenten, bedrijven,organisaties en kennisinstellingen en vooral ook met de bewoners. Ookwordt onderzocht hoe de verschillende partijen kunnen samenwerken bijhet gezonder maken van de leefomgeving.Docent-onderzoekers en studenten werken in hun onderzoek samen metgemeentelijke professionals uit zowel het fysieke als het sociale domein endragen zo bij aan de verbinding tussen beide domeinen. De praktijk heeftgrote behoefte aan deze verbinding, want een combinatie van fysieke ensociale interventies is vaak effectiever.

ClimateCafé: an interdisciplinary educational tool for sustainable climate adaptation and lessons learned

ClimateCafé is a field education concept involving dierent fields of science and practice for capacity building in climate change adaptation. This concept is applied on the eco-city of Augustenborg in Malmö, Sweden, where Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) were implemented in 1998.ClimateCafé Malmö evaluated these NBS with 20 young professionals from nine nationalities and seven disciplines with a variety of practical tools. In two days, 175 NBS were mapped and categorised in Malmö. Results show that the selected green infrastructure have a satisfactory infiltration capacity and low values of potential toxic element pollutants after 20 years in operation. The question “Is capacity building achieved by interdisciplinary field experience related to climate change adaptation?” was answered by interviews, collecting data of water quality, pollution, NBS and heat stress mapping, and measuring infiltration rates, followed by discussion. The interdisciplinary workshops with practical tools provide a tangible value to the participants and are needed to advance sustainabilityeorts. Long term lessons learnt from Augustenborg will help stormwater managers within planning of NBS. Lessons learned from this ClimateCafé will improve capacity building on climate change adaptation in the future. This paper oers a method and results to prove the German philosopher Friedrich Hegel wrong when he opined that “we learn from history that we do not learn from history”

Space-time analytics of human physiology for urban planning.

Recent advancements in mobile sensing and wearable technologies create new opportunities to improve our understanding of how people experience their environment. This understanding can inform urban design decisions. Currently, an important urban design issue is the adaptation of infrastructure to increasing cycle and e-bike use. Using data collected from 12 cyclists on a cycle highway between two municipalities in The Netherlands, we coupled location and wearable emotion data at a high spatiotemporal resolution to model and examine relationships between cyclists' emotional arousal (operationalized as skin conductance responses) and visual stimuli from the environment (operationalized as extent of visible land cover type). We specifically took a within-participants multilevel modeling approach to determine relationships between different types of viewable land cover area and emotional arousal, while controlling for speed, direction, distance to roads, and directional change. Surprisingly, our model suggests ride segments with views of larger natural, recreational, agricultural, and forested areas were more emotionally arousing for participants. Conversely, segments with views of larger developed areas were less arousing. The presented methodological framework, spatial-emotional analyses, and findings from multilevel modeling provide new opportunities for spatial, data-driven approaches to portable sensing and urban planning research. Furthermore, our findings have implications for design of infrastructure to optimize cycling experiences.

Transitioning the Transport and Land-use system

How can transport and land-use transitions in urban regions be understood and supported? This question is increasingly relevant for researchers and policy makers alike given the growing urgency of sustainability issues confronting cities and the limited improvements can be observed despite continued policy attention, for example Transit-oriented development policies. To tackle this question, this thesis draws on theories and concepts from transition studies. This has led to a richer conceptualisation of transitions and the extent to which policy makers can actively influence them. Transport and land-use transitions can be seen as resulting from the interaction between established and novel structures and practices and exogenous developments. In historic case studies carried out in Munich and Zürich, we see that in transitions that have taken place troubles, or difficulties that people experience in their daily lives, play an important role in focusing political debates. In the process of reaching consensus regarding problems and solutions, interest groups, coalition building and both implicit and explicit societal rules open to conflict and supportive of its resolution play a pivotal role. To aid in supporting transition attempts, a reflexive planning approach has been developed and tested in the region of Amsterdam. The breadth of the focus in this approach in terms of developments considered and actors involved resulted in potential solutions that differed from traditional policy in terms of innovativeness and the extent of support for them.

The European Cycle Route Network EuroVelo: challenges and opportunities for sustainable tourism. Update of the 2009 study